人权主体界说

本文通过分析人权主体理论的历史发展 ,概括出人权主体范围扩展的三个过程。在古典人权理论中人权主体是有限的。现代人权理论中 ,人权的普遍性首先指主体的普遍性。法人所以成为人权主体 ,一则因之其权利为宪法意义上的权利 ;二则因之其保障方式为宪法诉讼方式。人权的国际化使集体成为特别的人权主体。法人和集体作为人权的主体仅具有手段性的意义 ,生命个体才是真正本源性的人权主体

A Classification of the Subjects of Human Rights

In this article,the author summarizes the course of expansion of the scope of human rights subject as three processes by analyzing the theoretical evolution of human rights subject.Human rights subject is limited in classical theories and evolving of the notion of human rights subject ramifies the establishment of theory of universal subject. Legal person,as the fictional branch law subject which obtains the indemnification of human rights under constitution, expands the characteristic of human rights subject from life to personality, and the internationalization of human rights makes collective versus individual the human rights subject under international law. Legal person and collective merely have the implemental sense, however, individual life is the real and initial human rights subject.