论我国学术自由的宪法基础

《中华人民共和国宪法》第47条规定的科学研究自由,目前被学者们诠释为文化权利或者文化权利的组成部分,而文化权利这一范畴不仅被我国宪法学者指称宪法第47条规定的自由,还被人权法学者用来解读国际人权法中的有关权利,并且具有内涵模糊、外延不确定、宪法规定与国际人权法的规定不一致的特点,弱化了科学研究自由的独立价值和功能。笔者认为,我国宪法中规定的科学研究自由,在外国宪法中多规定为学术自由或学问自由,因此可以吸收和移植域外宪法学理论关于学术自由的诠释资源,来丰富我国科学研究自由的权利内涵。遵循宪法解释学的路径,运用基本权利的客观价值秩序理论,可以架起科学研究自由通往我国高等教育制度的桥梁,以科学研究自由为宪法基石构筑我国现代大学法制,从根本上破解我国高等教育"行政化"的顽疾。

A Discussion on Constitutional Basis of the Academic Freedom in China

The freedom of scientific research stipulated by Article 47 of the Constitution of the People's Republic of China has been interpreted as a cultural right or the component of cultural rights.However,the domain of cultural rights is not only considered by Chinese constitutional scholars as the freedom stipulated by Article 47 of the Constitution,but is also used by legal scholars of human rights to explain the relevant rights in international human rights law.Moreover,the cultural rights are characterized by obscure connotation,indefinite denotation and inconsistency between constitutional regulations and international human rights law regulations,which weaken the independent value and function of the freedom of scientific research.The author thinks that the freedom of scientific research stipulated the Chinese Constitution is often described as academic freedom or the freedom of knowledge,and thus the explanatory resources of the overseas constitutional theories about academic freedom can be absorbed and transplanted to enrich the connotation of the right to freedom of scientific research.According to the method of the Theory of Constitutional Interpretation,the bridge of the freedom of scientific research to higher education system in China can be set up by applying objective value order theory of the basic rights and the modern university legal system should be constructed by taking the freedom of scientific research as the cornerstone of the Constitution so as to radically overcome the deep-rooted problem of "administrationization" in higher education in China.