民众参与审判的案件类型学分析

民众参与审判主要包括治安法官、参审法官和陪审法官三种制度类型,其案件分布呈现趋同性和差异性两种规律。前者是指各国通过各种形式吸收具有相关知识和经验的民众参与专门案件审判。就后者而言,治安法官主要审理涉及私人纷争、社会影响不大的案件,陪审法官和参审法官主要审理涉及公共利益、社会影响较大的案件。究其原因,案件类型不同,民众参与审判的意义、制度设计及实践运作亦有所差异。当前我国人民陪审员主要参与轻微案件审判,与法律规定及上述规律均发生明显背离。这种背离有其客观原因和现实意义,但在充分发挥民众参与审判的作用方面仍有很大的改革空间。

A Typological Analysis of the Cases of Public Participation in Trial

On the basis of investigating other countries’ general situations,public participation in trial contains three types,which are justice of the peace,participating justice and associate justice.The distribution of cases demonstrates two regularities of homoplasy and otherness.Homoplasy refers to all other counties paying attention to absorb people with relevant knowledge and experience to participate in certain trial;otherness means that justices of the peace mainly hear some private dispute cases with small social impact,while both participating justice and associate justice mainly hear some public interest cases with big social impact.The reason for the classification is that different types of cases make the significance,system design and practical operation of people’s participation in the trial different.At present,people’s assessors mainly participate in some trials of slight cases,and this deviates from the legal provisions and regularities mentioned above.This deviation has its objective reasons and actual significances,but there is still much reform room to fully play the role of people’s participation in trial.