公司法强制性与任意性边界之厘定:一个法理分析框架

为公司法规则的强制性或任意性寻求一个抽象的法理判断标准,已经成为世界各国公司法理学说和公司立法共同面临的基础性命题。我国新《公司法》诸多法条用语的"暧昧"和"含糊",反映了立法者对这一问题的认识不够清晰,对相关公司法规则的属性的设计亦迟疑不决,造成了不少负面影响。尽管公司法对市场的适应性品格经常使其任意性与强制性规则的界限游移不定,但仍然存在一个相对合理的基础性判断标准。立法时应本着公司法的标准合同机制和合同漏洞补充机制之理念,对公司法规则予以类分,并区分初始章程和后续的章程修改,努力探求公司法任意性与强制性规则的法理判断标准,在两类规则的动态均衡中保持公司法的实质正当性。

On the Demarcation Line between Statutory and Arbitrary regulations of Corporation Law

To figure out a jurisprudential standard on the mandatory or voluntary nature of company law remains to be a fundamental issue of academy and legislation on company law around the world. Several provisions in the recently amended company law of China, with the ambiguous and obscure meaning, reflect that the legislators do not have the clear understanding on nature of the company law, thus producing some negative impacts. The paper argues that a relatively rational criterion remains prominent to figure out the boundary of the voluntary provision and mandatory provision, though it is always in the process of changing. We shall classify the corporate rules based on the theorem of corporate standard contract and loopholes makeup, distinguish the initial article of incorporation and the amendment to that afterwards, and probe into the jurisprudential judgment criteria on the involuntary and mandatory nature of company law and to maintain the company law's justice in the process of two natures' dynamic balance.