提起公诉的证据标准及其司法审查比较研究

法、德、日、英、美五国刑事诉讼中的公诉证据标准之所以都比有罪判决的证据标准低，有其特殊的原因；为了防止无根据地决定起诉或者恶意追诉，法治国家普遍要求对重罪案件在决定起诉之后、实体审理之前进行司法审查，公诉证据标准不仅是控方自行掌握的“行业标准”，而且是一种必须接受司法审查的“法定标准”，达到这一标准是国家要求被告人在公开的法庭上回答指控的前提条件；我国的公诉证据标准与定罪的证据标准相同，而且不受司法审查；中国特有的诉讼构造和证据规则以及防止错诉、错判的现实需要，决定了中国应当坚持而不应当降低现行法规定的公诉证据标准。

A Comparative Study of the Evidentiary Standard to Prosecution and the Judicial Review thereof

There are special reasons why the evidentiary standard to prosecute is lower than standard of proof to convict in westem countries, where judicial review is generaly provided to protect people from groundless or vicious prosecution. So the evidentiary standard to prosecute is a legal standard backed up by judicial review as well as an internal standard for prosecutors, and a precondition for the government to compel the accused to answer in an open court. The Chinese law requires the same evidentiary standard for both public prosecution and conviction, which is adequate considering the streamlined structure of Chinese criminal procedure, rough rules of evidence and realistic concerns of possible illegal prosecutions and miscarriages of justice.