寻求法律与社会的平衡——论民国时期亲属法、继承法对家族制度的变革

南京国民政府时期,家族制度变革从政治、社会、立法、司法等层面全面展开,直接效果就是《中华民国民法》"亲属编"、"继承编"的制定颁布及司法上的实际运作。政治层面上,近代中国面临的收回治外法权的压力,资产阶级民主革命的需要,迫使中国不得不创制新型法律,改革传统家族制度;社会层面上,传统家族观念及习惯仍普遍存在,但业已高涨的废除家族制度的呼声及新型社会阶层的出现,为家族制度的变革创造了一定的社会基础;立法层面上,在1929～1930年两年的时间内,国民政府即推出完整的民法典,效率之高,速度之快,世所罕见,超前性明显;司法层面上,司法主体既要遵循依法定案的原则,又要兼顾历史因素及社会实际,尽其所能,调和情、理、法的关系,实现法律与社会平衡。尽管民国时期家族制度的变革还存在诸多不平衡性或差异性,总体趋势则是渐进改革,全面推进。家族制度的变革特征体现为:政治引领风气,社会缓慢跟进,立法实施保障,司法调和新旧。

Looking for the Balance between Law and Society

In the period of Nanjing National Government,the traditional family system changed in ways of politics,society,legislation and judicature.its significant effect was the promulgation and implementation of the Relatives part and the Succession part of Civil Code of Republic of China.in political perspective,in order to recover judicial sovereignty and carry on the bourgeois revolution,China have to create modern law to reform the traditional family system.in social perspective,although traditional family system and custom existed generally,the reform of family system had a certain amount of social infrastructure,for rising voices of the abolition of the family system and the emergence of new social strata.to say the legislation,during 1929 and 1930,the government establish a whole civil code which was obviously advanced in high efficiency and speed.in the judicial perspective,the administration of justice should not only follow the principle of making decisions in accordance with the law,but also take into account the historical factors and social reality.he should do his best to reconcile "Qing","li" and law so as to get the balance between legislation and society.although there are still a lot of differences and imbalance,the overall trend of reform of family system was progressive and comprehensive.Features of this reform could be summarized as follows:political situation lead the modern trend,the social reality follows slowly,the legislation provide a guarantee for this reform and the judiciary reconcile the traditional reality and modern legislation.