知识产权共有的约定优先原则

约定优先作为知识产权共有的基本原则,不仅能弥补法定原则之不足,提高知识产品创造、管理与利用的效率,而且也是对民法基本原则的贯彻。然而,进一步分析约定优先在职务知识产品、合作与委托完成型知识产品、独立完成型知识产品等领域的运用情况时,我们发现不可授予专利的职务技术成果、合作作品等领域产生的知识产权还未能体现约定优先原则,需要完善。知识产权约定共有,体现了法律对当事人的意思自治,对当事人知识产权约定共有也应当有所限制,典型的著作人身权不能约定共有、发明人或设计人的署名权不能约定共有、自传体作品的人身权不宜约定由特定人物与执笔人共有。

The Principle for the Precedence of the Agreement in Joint-ownership of Intellectual Property

As a basic principle of joint-ownership of intellectual property,the precedence of the agreement can not only improve the disadvantage of legality principle,enhance the efficiency for the creative,management and utility of intellectual products,but also implement the basic principle of Civil Law. However,when further analysis is carried out on the cases that precedence of the agreement is adopted on,such as technological achievements,cooperation and commissioned intellectual products and Independence writing work,we can find that technological achievements which can not be issued patents,and the work of joint-ownership,have not embodied the principal for the precedence of the agreement,need to be improved. The agreement of joint-ownership for intellectual property is the reflection on the autonomy of will. There should be restriction of the joint-ownership for intellectual property,typical rights of personal copyrights,signature rights sharing by inventor or designer,autobiography works for personal rights are not suitable for the agreement of intellectual property.