指导性案例对网络非法集资犯罪的界定

鉴于非法集资犯罪所具有的涉众型特征和引发次生风险的严重社会危害性,这种犯罪目前已经成为我国司法领域打击的重点。尽管我国若干司法解释确立了非法集资犯罪的外延和特征,但随着互联网的快速发展,非法集资依托于金融科技的发展和新出现的金融产品,衍生出翻新变化和日趋复杂化的集资犯罪手段,导致对于非法吸收公众存款罪成立的四个特性、集资诈骗罪的以非法占有为目的、刑事政策的把握等关键性问题,在司法操作中存在众多的认定盲区和难点。在维持既有司法解释相对稳定性的前提下,为了明确新型网络非法集资犯罪的法律适用标准,加强案例指导和发挥指导性案例的"轻骑兵"作用,最高人民检察院在发布的两批关于金融犯罪的指导性案例中,均涉及到非法集资犯罪,界定了在打击集资诈骗罪、非法吸收公众存款罪中,如何在形式层面与实质认定方面适用刑事法律规范,同时注重法律效果和社会效果相统一的问题,从而形成司法解释与指导性案例之静态与动态相结合的司法适用架构。

The Definition of the Internet Illegal Fund-raising Crime in Guiding Cases

Considered that illegal fund-raising crimes have the characteristics of involving the public and severe social detriment that triggers secondary risks,it has become the focus of judicial strike in our country.Although several judicial interpretations in our country have established the border of extension and characteristics of illegal fund-raising crimes,especially with the rapid development of the Internet,relying on the development of financial technology and newly emerging financial products,illegal fund-raising crimes have derived fast-changing and increasingly complex means of fund-raising crime,resulting in many blind spots and difficulties in judicial operations,such as the understanding of the four characteristics of the crime of illegally pooling public deposits,the purpose of illegal possession of the crime of fund-raising fraud,and the grasp of criminal policies.Under the premise of maintaining the relative stability of the existing judicial elucidating routes,in order to clarify the legal applicable standards of the new type of Internet illegal fund-raising crime,strengthen the guidance of leading cases and play a role of"light cavalry"in them,the Supreme People’s Procuratorate in the two batches of guiding cases on financial crimes,both related to illegal fund-raising crimes,defined how to combat the crime of fund-raising fraud,illegal absorption of public deposits and how to apply criminal legal norms at the formal level and substantive identification,while paying attention to the unity of legal effects and social effects.Therefore,a judicial application structure combining static judicial interpretation and dynamic guiding cases has formed.