《中华民国临时约法》之宪政经验述略

清帝逊位之初十几年的中国近代史，就是围绕《中华民国临时约法》的斗争史。国民党试图凭借《中华民国临时约法》实现责任内阁和政党政治；袁世凯或明或暗地破坏该法，欲使中国社会回归传统，让自己君临天下。然而，最终双方都以失败而告终。何也？在袁世凯，大概因为封建传统思想严重，过于迷信武装的力量和政治手腕，以至于公然逆民意和历史潮流而动，冒天下之大不韪；在国民党，大概因为没有真正接受宪政文化的洗礼，没有彻底摆脱传统文化的影响，对时局的把握也不够准确，以至于不知不觉地犯了这样那样的错误。

The Constitutional Experience of the Provisional Constitution of the Republic of China

China＇ s history in the early decade of the last Qing Dynasty sovereign abdication was the struggle history for Provisional Constitution of the Republic of China. The Kuomintang wanted to achieve responsibility cabi-net and party politics by Provisional Constitution of the Republic of China. Shikai Yuan had broken the Constitution overtly or covertly, hoping China would return to feudal society then he would be throned. However, both the KMT and the Yuan were failure. What is the reason？ From the side of Yuan, probably because he had the serious feudal traditional thought and over much relied on the armed forces and political tactics, so that he was flagrantly against public opinion and the current situations at that time. From the other side, the KMT did not really accept the bap-tism of the constitution culture, did not completely get rid of the influence of traditional culture and it was also not accurate enough to grasp the situation that made such mistakes.