我国公民基本权利之立宪发展

一个国家对基本权利采用何种立宪形式往往同该国的历史积淀、立宪的人文背景、当时的权利意识存在极大的关联。纵观基本权利在我国历部宪法中的发展,可以发现宪法对公民权利趋于全面规定、宪法对个人权利空前重视、公民的人身人格权利上防御性的规定模式形成、公民的经济社会文化权利上国家义务被强调。为了宪法保障基本权利的价值得到实现,在公民基本权利的立法模式上,我们需要改变宪法不断确认权利的传统思维、强化国家义务、提供公民权利的救济原则和基本途径、明确公民权利受限制等等。如此才符合国家追求法治状态的价值目标、符合立宪规律。

Development of the Fundamental Rights of Chinese Citizens Based on the Constitutions

A country＇s choice of constitutionalism forms concerning fundamental rights is often related deeply to this country＇s history accumulation,constitutionalism humanistic background,and the temporal awareness of rights.Through the overview of the fundamental rights＇improvement in our all constitutions we can find that Chinese constitutions tend to comprehensively provide civil rights,pay an unprecedented attention to the individual rights of citizens,shape the defensive provision pattern for personal rights of citizens,and stress the State obligations for those economic,social and cultural rights of citizens.We need to change the Constitution＇s traditional idea of recognizing the rights,to strengthen State obligations to provide relief principles and fundamental ways for civil rights,and to nail down a clear restriction to civil rights,etc.,and so as to be consistent with State aims to realize the value of the ruling of law,to accord with constitutionalism orderliness.