环境行政许可的八个立法原则

在现代社会,许可证制度是防范环境风险最主要的法律制度。目前,学界对行政许可的一般立法原则(法律保留原则、便民效率原则、信赖保护原则、公开公平原则等)探讨甚多,而对环境行政许可具有自身特色的立法原则探讨较少。环境行政许可具有风险品性、科技背景、利益权衡、代际平衡、国际关联等五个特征,因此,环境行政许可的立法,除了须遵循行政许可的一般立法原则外,还须遵循预防、谨慎行事、合理开发利用、污染者负担、科技促进、公众参与、协同合作、国家环境资源主权与不损害国外环境等八个立法原则。这八个原则对具体制度的建构均有明确的要求,并在特定情况下使许可举证责任发生转移。

The Eight Legislation Principle of Environment Administrative License

In modern society,the administrative license is the main institution that guards against environmental risk.At present,we mainly discuss the general legislation principles of administrative license(include law reservation principle,facilities and efficiency principle,trust protection principle,opening and fairness principle etc)and neglect the peculiar legislation principles of environment administrative license.Environment administrative license has the five features:risk attribute,science setting,benefit judge,balance of present generation and later generations,international connection.Because of the features,besides following the general legislation principles of administrative license,the legislation of environment administrative license must follow the eight principles:prevention principle,precautionary principle,rational utilization principle,polluter pays principle,ordinary people joining principle,science promotion principle,cooperation principle and state environment sovereignty and unharming external environment principle.The eight principles have clear requests concerning specific institutions establishing.Also,under specific circumstance,the proof duty is changed.