重新审视韦伯的官僚制理论

韦伯对官僚制的研究乃是基于其对现代社会与政治的全面反思.官僚制是指一种无所不在的现代科层现象,它以自身的“理性”特征区别于其他的支配类型,影响着人们的日常生活以及精神状态.同时,韦伯将正当支配类型分为三种并非武断,而是有其理论关切的.通过对官僚制支配与超凡魅力型支配进行对比考察,韦伯从“日常/非日常”的视角揭示了它们所处理的事务在性质上的差异,由此说明了官僚制特有的局限性以及卡里斯玛型权威的必要性.此外,韦伯式的官僚制研究并不是为了生产专业知识,而是为了获得见识,并且帮助人们更好地对事物作出价值判断.

Re-examine Weber's Theory of Bureaucracy

Weber＇s theory of bureaucracy is based on a comprehensive reflection of modern societies and politics.Bureaucracy refers to an omnipresent phenomenon of hierarchy.As the fate of moderns which cannot be escaped by them,bureaucracy shapes people＇s daily life as well as their mental state.It was not arbitrary that Weber divided legitimate domination into three types,for this partition stemmed from his theoretical concern.By comparing the bureaucratic and charismatic domination,Weber revealed the qualitative differences of affairs that these two types of domination handled from the perspective of ＂daily vs.non-daily＂.He thus illustrated the limit of bureaucracy and the necessity of charismatic authority.In addition,the aim of Weberian study of Bureaucracy is not to produce professional knowledge,but to get insight and help people to make value judgments of things from a personal point of view.