“全面二孩”政策背景下生育对女性养老金的影响——以广东省为例

本文基于对广东省的问卷调查分析认为,生育孩子数量对女性养老金有显著影响,女性会因生育遭受“养老金惩罚”,且“二孩”生育女性遭受的养老金损失高于“一孩”生育女性。可见,“生育收入惩罚”效应不仅作用于女性职业生涯期间,还作用于女性年老退休以后。因此,应坚持性别平等的原则,完善退休制度和公共托育服务,合理制定缴费年限、缴费指数、账户设置等社会养老保险制度标准,以削减女性“生育养老金惩罚”,提升“全面二孩”政策的实施效果。

The Influence of Childbearing on Women's Pension under the Background of“Comprehensive Two Child”Policy--Take Guangdong Province as an Example

Based on the questionnaire survey of Guangdong Province,this paper believes that the number of children has a significant negative impact on women’s pension.Women will suffer "pension punishment" because of childbirth,and the pension loss of women with "two children" is higher than that of women with "one child".It can be seen that the effect of "reproductive income punishment" not only affects women’s career,but also affects women after retirement.Therefore,we should adhere to the principle of gender equality,improve the retirement system and public childcare services,and reasonably formulate the payment period,payment index, account setting and other social endowment insurance system standards,so as to reduce women’s "childbearing pension punishment" and improve the implementation effect of the"comprehensive two child" policy.