物权的行政法保护与规制

基于物权的自由属性,现代国家无不对物权提供全面的保护。而物权的社会化,突破了政治国家与市民社会、公法与私法的二元分析框架,其突出表现是行政权大量入侵物权领域,具体包括保护与规制两个层面。因此,物权立法应当立足于私产保护,以社会为本位,把物权置于全部社会关系之中,在规定物权的私法规则的同时,确立物权与行政权的基本关系准则:限制行政征收征用;对合法财产不得处以没收处罚;物权在行政法上的义务应随物权消灭而终止;同时,灵活规定物权登记不作为的物权效果,物权的发展和保护应当向行政法开放,以限制不合理的行政规制,并激活行政法的物权保护功能。

Protection and Regulation of Real Rights by Administrative Law

In consideration of their arbitrary attributes,all modern countries have furnished various protections for real rights.But socialization of real rights has exceeded the limit of the traditional dualistic analyses of the political state and civil society and the public law and civil law,which is proved mainly by a massive intrusion of executive power into the domain of jura in re,and has to do specifically with the protection and regulation of rights.Therefore,while making real rights legislations,we must center on protection of private property,take society as a standard and bear in mind all social relations that have something to do with real rights.In making private law rules concerning real rights, we should adopt a basic standard to determine the relations of real rights and executive power.Administrative levy and take-over activities must be limited and no legitimate property shall be confiscated.The obligation arising out of a real right in administrative law shall be discharged along with the termination of the real right.Furthermore,as the case may be,a registration of real right may not be a requirement of the effectiveness of the real right.While improving and protecting real rights,we should resort to administrative law to restrain unreasonable administrative regulations and perform the vital protective function of administrative law.