论管理人在高度危险责任中的安全保障义务——以《侵权责任法》第76条为中心

虽然《侵权责任法》第76条规定了管理人的安全保障义务,但是管理人承担的责任仍然属于无过错责任,而不是过错推定责任。法律规定安全保障义务旨在限制管理人减轻或者免除责任的效力,而且此种限制作用主要体现在因果关系方面。在具体适用中,通过对管理人履行安全保障义务的考量,证成受害人的损失与其自身原因的关联程度,再依据高度危险区域的危险程度和一般社会公众对危险的认识程度来最终决定免除或者减轻管理人的责任。厘清《侵权责任法》第76条规定的"安全保障义务",对于该条的定位和适用具有重要的意义。

On the Safety Guarantee Obligation of Managers in Highly Dangerous Responsibilities: Centered on the Article 76 of the Tort Liability Law

Although Article 76 of the Tort Liability Law stipulates the administrator ’s security obligations,the administrator’s liability is still non-fault liability,not fault presumption liability. The law stipulates that the duty of security is designed to limit the administrator ’s effectiveness of mitigating or exempting liability, and this restriction is mainly reflected in the legal causality. In the specific application,it is proved that the loss of the victim is caused by its own reasons through the consideration of the administrator’s fulfillment of the security obligations,and then the responsibility of the administrator is exempted or mitigated according to the degree of danger in the highly dangerous areas and the general public’s awareness of the danger. It is of great significance for the orientation and application of Article 76 of the Tort Liability Law to clarify the "security obligations " stipulated in Article 76 of the Tort Liability Law.