错位与回归:民事再审制度之反思——以民事程序体系的新发展为背景

民事再审程序是《民事诉讼法》两次修法的"交集",以程序体系的最新架构为运行环境,新《民事诉讼法》的正式施行必将使再审程序面临着制度内部和外部关系的新问题、新挑战。在本体论方面,需要强化再审程序的特殊性和例外性,理性认识"再审难"的内在正当性,遏制特殊救济程序向通常救济程序的异化;在关系论方面,再审程序与简易程序、小额程序、二审程序以及"新增型"非讼程序之间的关系,需要予以进一步明晰和矫正;在性质论方面,应当以比例原则、利益权衡原则、有限纠错原则、穷尽其他救济原则等为基本纲领,从法解释学和立法论两条路径,对再审领域的实体事项和程序事项予以优化。

Dislocation and Rectification: Reflection on System of Adjudicatory Supervision

Adjudicatory supervision procedure is the key point of the two amendments to the Civil Procedure Act,which shall be followed within the latest legal framework.It may well be that implementation of the newly amended Civil Procedure Act will bring unexpected issues as well as challenges to adjudicatory supervision procedure.In respect of ontology,in order to prevent abnormality of adjudicatory supervision procedure,we should strengthen its particularity and exceptionality and have a rational attitude towards difficulties while applying for retrial.Further,clarification and rectification are needed as to the relationship between retrial procedure and summary procedure,small claim procedure,second instance trial,and newly founded non-contentious procedures.With respect to natures,proportionality,balance of interests,limited correction,and supplement should be taken as leading principles.Also,the substantial and procedural matters in retrial system should be optimized based on legal hermeneutics and legislation.