法律原则适用与程序制度保障——以民事法为中心的分析

法律原则因为没有明确、具体的事实构成要件和法律效果而无法像法律规则那样为当事人提供行为准则,为法官提供裁判根据。适用法律原则处理个案纠纷就是法官以自己所“造”之法进行司法裁判,其适用困境的实质在于,以立法机关制定的(成文)法律规则为中心运行的司法制度(尤其是司法程序)难以为法官行使自由裁量权提供有效的正当性论证。在实体法、法律适用技术的范围内,以构建适用条件、适用规则,完善适用方法等方式来破解此困境,作用极为有限。重构司法程序制度,使当事人、社会能够以恰当的方式参与到具体的裁判过程以制约法官的裁量权,或许是解决此难题的可能途径。

Application of Legal Principles and Protection of Procedures: From a Perspective of Civil Law

Without specific and definite requirements of facts and legal effects,legal principles,unlike rules,cannot serve as a test for the parties'KG-*8] activities nor offer grounds to judges for their adjudication.Applying legal principles to individual cases is a process of adjudicating cases with law made by judges,in which the difficulty lies in that the judicial system(esp.the judicial procedures) with legislatively created law(statutes) are unable to justify the discretion of the judges.Within the scope of substantive law and legal applicable technology,people try in vain to get over the difficulty only by way of changing the condition and rules of application or by improving their approaches.Rather,people may find a way out by reconstructing the judicial procedural system so as to enable the parties and the community to participate in the adjudicative process to limit judges' discretion.