强制侦查的法律控制与司法审查

为了把强制侦查控制在合理的必要限度以内,法治国家普遍要求强制侦查必须贯彻比例原则、法定原则和司法审查原则,但我国的强制侦查在这几个方面都存在不同程度的问题;解决这些问题的基本思路应当是“以法限权”、“以权制权”和“公平救济”。其中,建立对强制侦查的司法审查制度,不仅仅是解决我国强制侦查实际存在的问题的重要对策,更是基于调整侦查权与审判权之间的相互关系、建立健全宪法权利的程序保障机制的战略需要;在合法性审查的范围内,建立强制侦查司法审查制度也是可行的。在具体设计强制侦查的司法审查制度时,既要体现刑事司法国际准则的基本要求,又要从我国实际情况出发,在司法审查的范围、内容、方式以及违法救济等方面做出适当的规定。

Legal Restraints on Compulsory Investigative Measures and Judicial Review

To delineate a reasonable and necessary boundary of compulsory investigation, legal states in the world generally require that three principles be followed in conducting compulsory investigation: i.e. proportionality, legality and principle of judicial review. For China, however, problems to some extent do exist in all these areas. In this author's opinion, resolution of the problems lies in "limiting powers with law," "balancing power with rights" and "fair remedies." To set up a compulsory investigation judicial review regime not only serves as an important measure to solve the problems existing in the practice of China's compulsory investigation, but also well adjust the relation between the investigative power and the judicial power and meet the strategic demand of improving the procedural guarantee mechanism of constitutional rights. Further, it is feasible to set up a judicial review regime for compulsory investigation within the ambit of rationality. While instituting the judicial review regime for compulsory investigation, in consideration of both the fundamental international criteria of criminal justice and the actual state of affairs in China, the range, contents, modes and infringement remedies of the review shall be properly provided.