网络型公用企业竞争的法律规制

规制法治化是网络型公用企业竞争的必要前提,以事业法和反垄断法规制为其主要内容。事业法规制包括市场准入与退出规制、价格规制、互联互通与接入费规制、禁止交叉补贴与普遍服务规制、不对称规制等,其价值取向为涵盖在位生产者、潜在竞争者、交易者和消费者的福利在内的经济效率与社会公平之间的均衡;反垄断法规制包括滥用网络优势行为规制、合并与拆分规制、联合限制竞争规制、行政垄断规制等,其价值取向为“有限竞争自由→适度竞争自由→充分竞争自由”的发展。就法律位阶体系而言,反垄断法应为“基本法律”,而事业法为“非基本法律”,反垄断法应优于事业法。

Legal Regulation of Network Public Utilities Competition

Competition of network public utilities is premised on legal regulation, to which utilities law and antitrust law are especially related. Issues such as market access, price, interconnection and input fees, cross subsides, universal service and asymmetry fall within the ambit of the regulation of utilities law, which intends to keep balance between social fairness and economic efficiency of the existing operators, potential competitors, transaction performers and consumers. Antitrust law, on the other hand, concerns with abuse of network advantages, consolidation and division, collaboration for purpose of restricting competition and administrative monopoly, and intends to secure utilities to enjoy from restricted, to moderate and finally to full competition freedom. In terms of the hierarch of laws, antitrust law is superior to utilities law, for the former is “basic law” while the latter is “non-basic law.”