论发展权的法律救济机制

全球社会迄今依然没能成功开发发展权法律救济机制的关键在于对发展权的可司法性缺乏应有的理论认识。发展权的可司法性无论是从价值、性状还是范围上,均可得到充分求证。而发展权侵权行为的界定则是进行救济的前提,其内在要素包括结构性侵权和个体性侵权,外在形式分为作为与不作为,尤其是从"具体性权利论"这一新理论出发,可以发现国家不作为侵权行为对发展权的重大影响。在"国际宪政关系"新视野下,发展权法律救济程序的权利义务主体及其相互关系之展开具有不同于普通人权的多元性和独特性,其互动的关系模式即权利救济机制的运行程序包括:内国的确权之诉及相关审查机制、请求国家赔偿的给付之诉,在国际上,可巧妙地将《发展权宣言》的抽象规定链接到现行国际人权公约的具体规范之中,利用现行国际人权公约设定的硬性机制予以实施。

Remedies for Right to Development

The principal reason why no satisfactory mechanism of remedies for development right has been established is that the academic circle fails to know that the right is judiciable. In deed, the judicability of the right to development can be testified in perspective of its value, nature and scope. A proper delineation of the infringement of the right, which behaves in the form of act or omission and reveals its inherent colors such as institutional tort or individual tort, is deemed as the premise of remedies. Especially, in light of "material rights," a new theory of constitutionalism, it can be seen that the state’s inaction has great impact on right to development. From the angle of "international constitutionalism relationship," one can find that the obligor and obligee and their relationship in the process of remedies for development right have unique and plural features that are distinct from those of human rights. The interactive relationship mode, i.e. the operative process of the remedy mechanism, includes two aspects: from the domestic aspect, legal process in the sense of constitutionalism mainly involves action of declaration concerning constitutional rights and correlative censorship and action of state compensation; from the international aspect, the abstract provision of the Declaration of Right to Development can be incorporated into the specific norms of existing international human rights conventions and be enforced within the institution established by the latter.