创建“养护者受益”环保法基本原则

“公地的悲剧”自英国的“圈地运动”始得以有效遏制,而保持公地基本制度下的环境保护也仍然在赋予公民无可辩驳的义务与责任之中持续着各种形式的环保投资,可实践证明形式的多样性和不啬资财并未能有效地阻止自然生态环境的持续恶化。究其根源,无不与公地基本制度和法律层面除私有化之外,一直没有公地独特的接纳或认可私权内在的权义对等所需求的基本原则和制度有关。在市场经济条件下,承认并保护公地之上私人为环保所付出劳动和养护投入所获得的权益至关重要,为此,拟创设“养护者受益”环保法基本原则,来弥补公地自然生态环境保护忽视私权关怀之严重缺陷,以期阻止“公地的悲剧”的延续。

On the Basic Principle of Environmental Law: "Those Who Maintain Benefit"

The "tragedy of the commons" ended along with the "movement of enclosures" in Great Britain.However,citizens still have duties and obligations to do environmental protection work of the commons.It is a tragedy that continuous and different environmental investments,a variety of protection methods and countless money and assets have proved a failure to stop the lasting deterioration of ecological environment.The reason lies in that,exception for the basic commons system and private laws,no basic principles and regimes exist concerning the reciprocity of the rights and obligations within the scope of private rights of the commons.Especially in market economy,acknowledging and protecting the interests gained by individuals while doing environment maintenance work in the commons are very important.Thus,this author proposes to establish the basic principle of environmental law: "Those who maintain benefit." It is expected that in this way the ignorance of private interests in the natural ecological environmental protection of the commons will be mended and the "tragedy of the commons" will disappear forever.