论遗传资源获取与惠益分享中的事先知情同意制度

为了应对遗传资源利用中的"生物剽窃"现象,对遗传资源的获取与惠益分享进行有效管制,1992年《生物多样性公约》借鉴其他领域的成功经验,引入了事先知情同意的程序制度,并为各国建立国家与利益相关者的双重事先知情同意制度确立了国际法框架。事先知情同意要求遗传资源获取申请者应在其生物开发活动开展之前的合理期限内寻求相关主体的同意,在这段时间内相关主体可以根据获取申请者以合理方式提供的信息做到全面知情,并以特定格式就获取申请者的获取与惠益分享安排作出明确的、肯定的授权。

Prior Informed Consent as to Access to Genetic Resources and Benefit-sharing

In order to respond to "biopiracy" and regulate the access to genetic resources and benefit-sharing(ABS),the Convention on Biological Diversity(CBD)of 1992,based on the experiences in other law fields,introduces prior informed consent(PIC).The CBD has also established an international law framework for the contracting parties to set up a PIC regime servicing for both the state and the stakeholders.The PIC requires that the applicants of genetic resources,prior to their bio-exploitation,seek consent from relevant parties in reasonable time,during which the relevant parties will be well informed of the materials duly provided by the applicants so as to empower the applicants in a prescribed form and in a definite and affirmative way to access to genetic resources and share the benefits.