司法裁判中的隐性知识论纲

作为现代认识论的重要课题的隐性知识论的价值不仅在于揭示了隐性知识的存在,更在于论证了知识的本质是隐性的。司法隐性知识问题在当代英美法系司法实践中得以显现并在相关法学著述中多有表述。在我国大陆,司法隐性知识也广泛存在于案件裁判的事实建构与法律发现诸环节中,并在司法判案中有它特定的位置。司法前见、一般推理、事实解释、图式加工、事实剪裁、经验参与、结果导向、观念辐射等都是对司法隐性知识的艰难表述。连接隐性知识与既定法律规范依赖于法律修辞,裁判凭藉判决修辞而获得形式正当性并为公众更好地接受。现代诉讼程序规则是激励与规制司法隐性知识运用的制度环境,司法隐性知识的研究对当前我国大陆法治文化建设具有特别重要的启示意义。

On judge's Tacit Knowledge in Adjudication

The value of the theory of tacit knowledge,an important element in modern epistemology,lies not only in revealing the existence of tacit knowledge,but also proving the essence of the knowledge is silent.Much has been deliberated about judicial tacit knowledge in judicial practice as well as law works in common law countries.In Mainland China,judicial tacit knowledge is also ubiquitous:in fact finding,law choice and precedent invocation.One can readily see that it looms in judge’s prejudice,general reasoning,fact interpretation,schema processing,fact casting,experience inserting,result’s bringing about,and spreading of ideas.Tacit knowledge’s fusing with existing legal norms depends upon legal rhetoric,with which a judgment is justified in formality and is well accepted by the public.What modern procedural rules pursue is to cultivate as well as regulate an institutional environment to well utilize tacit knowledge,to which the study of tacit knowledge in China’s present situation of construction of rule of law is especially conducive.