中国犯罪记录制度的体系化构建——当前司法改革中裁判文书网络公开的忧思

刑事裁判文书公开经历了从不公开到有限公开再到当前的全面实名网络公开三个阶段,成为近期司法改革的重点和标志。犯罪人的身份信息兼具公共属性和私权性质,而当前司法改革未能准确把握其法律性质和法律评价,在制度设计时,忽视了对犯罪人隐私权的保护,混淆了规范性评价和非规范性评价各自的特征和功能,使刑事裁判文书公开的正当性出现了欠缺,不仅削弱了刑事裁判文书公开应有的促进司法完善的效果,而且成为未来的中国犯罪记录制度建构的重大阻碍,成为刑事法治完善进程中的不和谐因素。尽快对当前刑事裁判文书网络化公开的改革举措进行调整,在公布的刑事裁判文书中隐匿犯罪人的姓名,并以此为契机,推动中国犯罪记录制度的建构,是未来司法改革完善的重要工作。

Systematic Construction Regarding the Chinese Crime Record Regime: Some Thoughts about Publishing Judgment Documents Online in Current Judicial Reform

Criminal judgment has been developed from being classified to being limited open,and now to real-name and all-sided openness online,becoming the highlight of recent judicial reform. Perpetrator's identification possesses both the characteristics of public attributes and private right. Due to the misunderstanding of the private right's nature in law and law evaluation in current judicial reform,perpetrator's private right has been so ignored that confusing the normative evaluations and non-normative evaluations when designing the law system,and the criminal judgment is being challenged,which has not only undermined its original function of improving the law system but also impeded the construction of Chinese future criminal law development,becoming negative factors when improving Chinese criminal law system as well. The judicial reforms of criminal judgment,in which perpetrators' name are hided and so as to build Chinese criminal record system,are required when improving Chinese future law system.