既判力标准时后的形成权行使的规制路径

既判力标准时后的形成权行使是一种诉讼行为,其将有可能从实质上推翻前诉判决,进而危及法的安定性。由于形成权的行使是在既判力的标准时后,属于“新事由”,不受既判力的遮断,因而无法采用诉讼法上的遮断效路径加以排斥。实体法视角是将各种形成权的性质、行使效果以及形成权人与对方当事人的利害状况等实体法因素投射到遮断效路径,进而得出是否加以排斥的结论,其本身并非解决路径,但却为诉讼法上的诚信原则适用时的价值判断提供了客观标准。既判力标准时后的撤销权或解除权的行使构成不诚信的诉讼行为,属于对诉讼权利的滥用,依据实体法因素进行具体的价值判断后,应当适用诚信原则加以排斥,从而维护法的安定性;但抵销权的行使并未危及法的安定性,因而不受限制。

Exercise and Treatment of the Right of Formation after the Benchmark Time of Res Judicata

The exercise of the right of formation after the benchmark time of res judicata is a litigation act,which may overturn the previous judgment in essence,and then endanger the stability of the law.Because the exercise of the right of formation is a new cause after the benchmark time of res judicata and is not interdicted by res judicata,it cannot be excluded by interdiction effect path in procedural law.The perspective of substantive law is to project the nature of various formation rights,the exercise effect and the interests of the person with the formation right and the other party to the interdiction effect path,and then draw the conclusion whether to exclude it.It is not a solution path in itself,but it provides an objective standard for the value judgment when the principle of good faith in procedural law is applied.The exercise of the cancellation right or termination right after the benchmark time of res judicata constitutes a dishonest litigation act,which belongs to the abuse of litigation rights.After making a specific value judgment according to the factors of substantive law,the principle of good faith should be applied to exclude it,so as to maintain the stability of law.However,the exercise of the right to set off does not endanger the stability of the law,so it is not limited.