刑事诉讼证明中事实推定之运用

事实推定都是有基础事实的推定,都是可反驳的推定。事实推定同利用证据进行证明一样,是诉讼证明的一种方法。事实推定可以降低证明的难度,可以有效打击犯罪。对主观方面(如故意、明知、目的等)的证明可以使用事实推定;对犯罪嫌疑人、被告人是否实施某行为的证明也可以使用事实推定。对事实推定的反驳不宜规定过高的标准,只要有合理的可能性即可。事实推定的运用必须遵守严格的规则和程序。该程序应当保证被推定人的知情权,为被推定人提供充分反驳的机会。

Factual Presumption in Criminal Proceedings

Factual presumption is based on the known or proven existence of some other fact or group of facts, and it is rebuttable. Factual presumption is a method of proof in criminal proceedings, just like proof with evidence. It may relieve the difficulty of proof so as to be conducive to cracking down on crimes effectively. The presumption can be used to testify subjective factors, e.g. intention, knowledge, purpose, etc. It can also be used to prove whether the accused or a suspect has ever committed the guilty acts. An argument that overcomes a factual presumption need not reach too high; it suffices where it is of reasonable probability. Strict provisions and procedural rules shall be complied with while applying factual presumption. Those procedural rules should guarantee the right of knowledge of the accused party and offers him enough opportunity to rebut.