刑法学的若干基本理论探讨——对张明楷教授的若干观点的商榷

张明楷教授关于刑法学基本理论的观点,对通说虽有继承的一面,但更多的是反叛的一面,在理论界的影响是巨大的。其中涉及到刑法的基本理论的宏观问题是《刑法》第13条但书能否在司法中适用,如何理解一些罪名的主观方面,分则的模式是既遂犯还是犯罪成立,张明楷教授认为但书不能在司法中适用,为了确定一些争议的罪名的主观方面,提出超过的客观要素的概念,分则的模式不是既遂而是犯罪成立。对于上述观点,本文以传统观点为基础,提出不同的主张,认为但书可以直接适用于司法实践,这不违反罪刑法定主义,解决故意和过失的问题,也没有必要提出超过的客观要素,分则的规定必须以既遂犯为模式。

Basic Principles About Criminal Law--A Discussion with Prof.ZHANG Ming-kai

Prof. Zhang Ming-kai's ideas about the basic principles of criminal law have great impact upon various schools. Though he inherits a little bit of the general theory, his main ideas stand on the opposite side of it. Among his ideas are that the salvo in Article 13 of the Criminal Act has no judicial application, how we can realize the psychological states of criminals and that the specific provisions of the Criminal Act should focus on the constitution ——not on the accomplishment of crimes. However, this author maintains certain traditional ideas and argues that judges can directly invoke salvo, which doesn't contradict the principle of “prescribed punishment for a specified crime.”Furthermore, it is unnecessary to extend the objective elements of a crime to distinguish intention and negligence, and specific provisions must focus on the accomplishment of crimes.