“推车撞壁”式还是“曲突徙薪”式?——五四时期“社会主义论战”研究

通过对五四时期"社会主义论战"的回顾,其争论焦点可归纳为:什么是社会主义和如何实现社会主义。对于这两点,研究系与早期马克思主义者有不同的回答,形成了两条不同的路径。一条是研究系的"基尔特社会主义--‘推车撞壁’式"路径,另一条是早期马克思主义者的"科学社会主义--‘曲突徙薪’式"路径。学界对早期马克思主义者论战中局限性的研究并不充分,主要体现在过度关注了由外在客观条件造成的必然的不足--"外生的不足",而忽略了由内在主观条件造成的非必然的不足--"内生的不足"。应尽量排除两派共有的"外生的不足",聚焦于"内生的不足"。在"推车撞壁"式与"曲突徙薪"式两种观点的互诘中,早期马克思主义者暴露了其国际视角逻辑的"内生的不足"。这种不足不仅无助于论证其"曲突徙薪"式观点,还逐步演变为错误的理论,导致了错误的革命实践。对"内生的不足"的反思凸显了实践观点与辩证方法的重大意义。

"Stage Theory" or "Leap Theory" : "Socialist Debate" in the May 4th Period

By reviewing the"Socialist Debate"in the May 4 th period,the main focus of the controversy can be summarized as follows:First,what is socialism?Second,how to realize socialism?For these two points,the research department and the early Marxists have different answers,forming two different paths.One is the research department’s"Guild Socialism-stage theory"path,the other is the early Marxists’"Scientific Socialism-leap theory"path.The limitation of the early Marxists in the debate is not fully studied,mainly reflected in the excessive attention to the inevitable deficiency caused by external objective conditions--"exogenous deficiency",while ignoring the"endogenous deficiency".Endogenous deficiency should be paid more attention.Early Marxists exposed the endogenous deficiency of the logic of their international perspective,when they debated in the two development viewpoints.This kind of deficiency not only does not help to prove the"leap theory"of the early Marxists,but also gradually evolves into the wrong theory,which leads to the wrong revolutionary practice.The reflection on the endogenous deficiency highlights the great significance of the practical viewpoint and dialectical method.