毛泽东对马克思主义阶级斗争、社会政治革命和国家学说的主要贡献——以新民主主义革命时期和建国初期为中心的考察

毛泽东关于阶级斗争的理论大体分为明显相关的三个不同层次,即阶级和阶级斗争的观点,阶级分析的方法和阶级斗争的策略。阶级斗争的观点是这一理论的精神内核,阶级分析的方法是这一理论向"实物"形态转化过渡的中间环节,阶级理论具体化为实践理性的表现形态。这种多层次理论结构使毛泽东的阶级斗争理论具有独特丰富的内涵。新民主主义革命的辉煌胜利本身已证明了毛泽东阶级和阶级斗争观点的深刻性,阶级分析方法的有效性和阶级斗争策略的正确性。毛泽东谈论社会革命、中国革命往往将其与革命战争维系在一起,对政治革命的具体形式作了具体分析。毛泽东以马列主义国家学说为思想指南,严谨地指明了中国革命将以建立何种国家制度为最后归宿。中国革命胜利后所建立的人民民主专政的政权形式和人民代表大会的政治体制是中国社会历史上迄今为止最新最进步的政治形式。它一方面是对苏联无产阶级专政的国家政权和苏维埃代表大会的政治体制的借鉴,另一方面又是把握中国具体国情进行的一种政治创造,是毛泽东运用马列主义的政治理论和国家理论于中国社会的一个巨大成功。

Mao Zedong’ Contributions to Marxist Class Struggle,Social and Political Revolution and State Doctrines in the Periods of New-democratic Revolution and Early New China

Mao Zedong’s theory of class struggle can be divided into three different aspects,which are apparently related one another,namely,the viewpoint of class and class struggle,the core of the theory;method of class analysis,the intermediate link of the theory to substantial configuration;and strategy of class struggle,the demonstration of practical rationality.The multi-level theoretical structure endows Mao’s class struggle theory with a rich and unique content.The brilliant victory of the new democratic revolution has proved that Mao’s viewpoint of class and class struggle is profound,class analysis is effective and the class struggle strategy is correct.When talking about the social revolution and Chinese revolution,Mao always mentioned revolutionary war and made a concrete analysis of the specific form of political revolution.Taking Marxist-Leninist state doctrine as the ideological guide,Mao rigorously showed the state institution resulted from the Chinese revolution as its final destination.The state form of people’s democratic dictatorship,which was established after the victory of the Chinese revolution and the political system of the People’s Congress are the newest and most progressive so far in the Chinese history.On the one hand,it took as reference the state power of Soviet dictatorship of the proletariat and the political system of the Soviet Congress;on the other hand it grasped China’s national conditions and made a political reform,as is a great success made by Mao Zedong,who applied Marxist-Leninist political theory and state theory into Chinese society.