《哲学的贫困》中的社会有机体思想研究

马克思在《哲学的贫困》一书中批判蒲鲁东无法把握"一切关系在其中同时存在而又互相依存的社会有机体",这根源于蒲鲁东的研究方法,蒲氏套用了黑格尔的方法,把人类社会区分为十个前后相继的"环节",虽然作为诸"环节"的概念是可以把握社会有机体特征的,但其方法决定了他不可能完成这一任务。马克思更多地用唯物辩证的方法把握社会有机体,他既强调共时的系统性,又强调历时的发展性。马克思不仅在《哲学的贫困》中涉及到了社会有机体理论,还在其它著作中探讨了社会有机体理论,把人类社会看作一个活的有机体是马克思一以贯之的观点。这一理论对当代社会发展具有重要的启发意义。

A Study on Social Organism in The Poverty of Philosophy

In his book The Poverty of Philosophy,Marx criticized Proudhon for not being able to grasp“the structure of society,in which all relations coexist simultaneously and support one another”.This is rooted in Proudhon’s Hegelian research method which divides human society into ten serial“sequence of ideas”.Though it is possible to grasp the features of social organism by using the concept of“sequence of ideas”,the methodology cuts him off from completing this task.Marx digs into social organism with methods of dialectical materialism where the systematic features of the synchronic and the developmental features of the diachronic are both noticed.Marx not only discussed social organism in The Poverty of Philosophy,but also in his other articles and books.It is his persistent point of view to observe human society as an organic body.The theory of social organism is very inspiring for the development of contemporary society.