作为“事件”的五四运动——从档案文献看北洋政府对五四运动的处置

五四运动作为具有历史转折意义的重大事件,过去人们多依从学生运动一方的回忆和新闻报道叙述事态演变。本文试图通过发掘利用档案文献,参照相关新闻报道和回忆录,还原北洋政府如何处置"火烧赵家楼"事件、审讯被捕学生、应对迅速升级的北京学生罢课和上海"三罢"及随后的事态发展,最后决定顺从民意,准免曹汝霖、章宗祥和陆宗舆,拒签巴黎和约这一历史过程,进而澄清过去在诸多历史细节上的误解。

The May 4th Movement as an“Event”:The Beiyang Government’s Handling of the May 4th Movement Based on Archival Documents

The May 4 thMovement was an important event,marking a significant turning point in history.In the past,studies of the evolution of the May 4 thMovement were primarily based on reminiscences and news reports from that period.This article utilizes archival documents,together with related news reports and memoirs,to clarify some misunderstandings about past historical details,thereby re-telling the historical process,for example,of how,the Beiyang government dealt with the incident of setting fire to the residence on Zhaojialou hutong,how it interrogated the arrested students,how it responded to the rapidly accelerating the student strikes in Beijing and the student,worker,and merchant strikes in Shanghai,and then ultimately how it finally decided to remove Cao Rulin,Zhang Zongxiang,and Lu Zongyu from their positions and decided to refuse to sign the Paris Peace Treaty.