从项目嵌入到组织社会:村级集体经济发展的新趋势及其类型学研究

发展和壮大村级集体经济是乡村振兴战略的重要内容。既有研究在探讨村级集体经济问题时较多地聚焦于其功能和目的、历史与现实、发展原则和要求,而较少关注到村级集体经济的发展趋势及其在不同村庄所呈现出的异质性特征。基于"项目嵌入-公众参与"的二维分析框架和浙北J市S镇的田野调查发现:新时期村级集体经济发展出现了由依赖纵向国家项目嵌入向组织和激活横向社会网络转变的新趋势,其发展形式呈现出政社耦合型、社会嵌入型、政治嵌入型和双重脱嵌型四种理论类型。村级集体经济发展类型上的差异也导致了其在村庄治理实践中发挥的分配、互惠、悬浮、兜底保障等不同功能,以及国家治理机制上的分殊。此外,村级集体经济的发展在不同类型的村庄面临着不尽相同的内外限制性条件。

From Project Embeddedness to Organizational Society: The New Trend and Typological Analysis of Village-level Collective Economic Development

The development of village-level collective economy is an important part of the rural vitalization strategy. When discussing village collective economy,current studies focus on the functions and purposes,history and reality,development principles and requirements instead of its development trend and its heterogeneity in different villages. Based on the two-dimensional analysis framework of " project embeddedness-public participation" and field investigation in Town S,City J,Zhejiang Province,it is found that there is a new trend of village-level collective economic development-from relying on vertical state projects to organizing and tapping lateral social networks. There are four theoretical types,namely,the government-society coupling,social embeddedness,political embeddedness and dual disembeddedness. The differences in the types of village-level collective economic development have also led to different functions of distribution,reciprocity,levitation,basic protection,and different governance mechanisms. Moreover,the development of village-level collective economy faces different internal and external restrictions in different types of villages.