农村协商民主制度化发展的现实形态和优化路径

在党中央和国务院顶层设计的引领下,我国各地农村协商民主实践蓬勃发展起来,协商民主运行机制初步形成,协商民主制度框架初步建立。根据创新程度不同可以将我国各地农村协商民主实践模式分为制度原创型、制度改良型和制度嵌入型三种形态。虽然我国农村协商民主已经迈入制度化发展轨道,但大都处于起步阶段,制度化发展程度较低,"政绩式协商""低水平协商""随意性协商"等现象严重制约着农村协商民主实践的可持续发展。加强顶层设计,鼓励基层试点,提升农村干部和群众对协商民主的制度认同,持续推进协商民主制度创新,是进一步推动农村协商民主制度化发展的当务之急。

The Institutional Development of Rural Consultative Democracy:Patterns and Optimization

Led by the top-level design of the Party Central Committee and the State Council,the rural consultative democracy in China has flourished. The operation mechanism and framework of consultative democracy has been initially formed. According to the degree of innovation,rural consultative democracy in China can be divided into three types: the original type,the modified type,and the embedded type. China’s rural consultative democracy has entered the track of institutionalized development,but still in the initial stage,with low degree of institutionalized development. The phenomenon of " consultations based on performance", " low-level consultations" and " arbitrary consultations" seriously restrict the sustainable development of rural consultative democracy. It is an urgent task to strengthen the top-level design,encourage community-level pilots,increase rural officials and the public’s recognition of consultative democracy,and continue to promote the innovation of consultative democracy.