1939—1940年托派关于苏共党内干部官僚化现象的争论

托派是最早关注苏共党内干部官僚化现象的一个群体。他们提出了苏联是“异化的工人国家”还是“官僚集体主义”、官僚集团是“特权阶层”还是“新阶级”等一系列问题，这些问题后来在苏东国家持不同政见者和学者中引起了反复的争论。然而，在判断官僚集团是否成为一个“阶级”的标准及其历史作用方面，托派又有其历史局限性。

The Trotskyists' Debates of the Bureaucratization of the Soviet Communist Party

The Trotskyists were one of the first groups to take notice of the bureaucratization phenomenon occurring with the Soviet Communist Party cadres. In their debates,they posed questions such as whether the Soviet Union was an alienated workers'state or one of bureaucratic collectivism, and whether the Soviet bureaucracy was a privileged class or a new class. However,in defining the criterion to judge whether or not the bureaucratic group constituted a class and its role in history,the Trotskyists' theory had ...