“自由”与“不自由”:高科技跨国公司的政治化与国家化

由于高科技或新技术本身具有一定的公共产品特性,并且决定着一个国家的综合国力,因此高科技的发展与一国内部政治及国家间竞争的关联度逐渐加大。一方面,企业利益进一步与国家利益重合,高科技跨国公司在开展跨国业务时愈发受到母国与东道国“政治正确”的规制;另一方面,在逆全球化背景下,国家对技术的理解形成了较为明确的技术主权观念,高科技跨国公司与母国之间的“捆绑”由此亦愈发明显。在此背景下,随着西方排他性技术同盟的形成,非西方的高科技跨国企业遭受打压的态势在中短期内并不会缓解,国家间、企业间的技术合作将极大受阻,全球技术进步的成本和门槛也将因此显著提升,最终影响人类的整体利益。对中国而言,一方面,要继续扩大开放,坚持技术多边主义,积极推动跨国技术合作;另一方面,仍需凸显技术进步过程中的国家角色,建构国家引导下的以高科技跨国企业为主体的技术创新体系,最终实现关键核心技术的自主可控。

With or Without Liberty:Politicization and Nationalization of High-Tech Multinational Corporations

As emerging technologies show some attributes of public goods and are considered to be the building block of comprehensive national power,their development is closely related to domestic politics and international competition.Some corporate interests overlap with national interests and multinational corporations are increasingly influenced by“political correctness.”On the other hand,growing skepticism toward globalization is also fueling a new wave of techno-sovereignty,which increasingly binds multinational tech giants with their home countries.An embryonic Western technological club is exacerbating the decoupling trend that is separating Western technologies from those of the rest.Technological cooperation between enterprises and nations will be increasingly difficult and the costs and threshold for global technological progress will be further raised,to the detriment of humanity as a whole.In this context,China should continue its opening-up policy and advance transnational technological cooperation,and meanwhile elevate the state’s role in promoting technological progress to establish a state-led technological innovation system that will help achieve technological self-reliance.