户籍制度改革的经济学分析及路径探索

户籍制度关系到公民个人的基本权利以及劳动力资源的有效配置。中国城乡分隔的户籍制度是农村剩余劳动力不能及时转移到城镇从而造成农业劳动生产率低下的重要原因。自改革开放以来,中国一直在进行户籍制度改革,但进展并不顺利,这与人们的一些认识误区有关。为此,本研究对户籍制度改革进行经济学分析,进而对改革路径进行探索。研究认为:城镇化是基于利益的驱动,户籍制度并不是限制城镇规模有效的政策工具;农民工进城会在城镇劳动市场创造对自己的需求从而实现充分就业,是为劳动力市场萨伊定律;户籍制度改革的关键是实现一个人所作贡献所在地与接受公共服务所在地的统一,本质上体现了地方政府接受纳税与提供公共服务的统一;户籍制度改革必须由中央政府主导并将户籍制度法律化。

An Economic Analysis and Path Exploration of Household Registration System Reform

The household registration system is related to the basic rights of individual citizens and the effective allocation of labor resources. China’s urban-rural separation household registration system is an important reason why rural surplus labor cannot be transferred to cities and towns in a timely manner, resulting in low agricultural labor productivity. Since the reform and opening up, China has been carrying out the reform on the household registration system, however, the progress has not been smooth, which is related to misunderstandings of some people. To this end, the current study conducts economic analysis on the reform of the household registration system, and then explores its path of reform. The researchers think that urbanization is driven by interests, whilst the household registration system is not an effective policy tool to limit the scale of cities and towns;migrant workers living in cities will create demand for themselves in the urban labor market to achieve full employment, which is the Say’s law of the labor market;the key to the reform of the household registration system is to realize the unification of the place where a person makes contributions and the place where he receives public services, which essentially reflects the unity of the local government’s acceptance of taxes and public services;and the reform of the household registration system must be led and directed by the central government while the household registration system must be legalized.