马克思恩格斯“劳动”概念的逻辑理路与当代意义

劳动在马克思主义理论中占据着重要地位。斯密揭示了劳动是价值的源泉,但他仅仅视劳动为积累财富的手段,赞美能带来资本增殖的“生产性劳动”而贬低“非生产性劳动”;黑格尔继承了斯密的劳动观,并从哲学高度提出“劳动创造人”的全新命题,但他唯一承认的劳动只是抽象的精神劳动。马克思恩格斯扬弃了斯密和黑格尔的劳动概念,把劳动与人的本质、自由和解放联系起来,通过将劳动划分为一连串成对的范畴,揭示了劳动异化的轨迹及其实质,并指出对异化劳动的积极扬弃是通向人的自由的必然环节。马克思恩格斯的“劳动”概念为打破西方社会主流的“资本叙事”提供了思想资源,为形成新时代中国特色社会主义劳动观提供了理论基础。

The Logic and Its Contemporary Significance of the Notion of Labor by Marx and Engels

The notion of labor takes an important place in Marxist theory.Adam Smith revealed that labor is the source of value,however,he only regards labor as a means to accumulate wealth,praises productive labor that can bring capital proliferation and devalues nonproductive labor.Hegel inherited Smith's notion of labor,and he put forward a brand-new proposition that labor creates man from a philosophical perspective,but the only labor he admits is abstract spiritual labor.Marx and Engels discarded Smith and Hegel's notions of labor,and linked labor with human nature,freedom,and liberation.By classifying labor into a series of paired categories,they posited the trajectory and essence of labor alienation,and pointed out that the active sublation of alienated labor is an inevitable link to human freedom.Marx and Engels*notion of labor provides ideological resources for the capital narrative that breaks the mainstream of western society,and provides a theoretical basis for the formation of a socialist labor view with Chinese characteristics in the new era.