地方工会“以上代下”与基层工会“瘦身减负” —— 近 40 年来中国工会改革的趋势与特点

中国工会为适应改革开放以来政治经济环境的变化,先后进行过四次比较系统的改革,在这一过程中,中国工会明确了自身作为职工权益的代表者和维护者的角色,其职责结构也从以往以生产为中心,向维护和服务职工转变,在履行职责的方式上,既借鉴国际经验,但更强调要回归和发展本土化的党政主导的社会化维护和服务模式。此外,地方工会与基层工会在职责结构上逐渐呈现出分化趋势,基层工会在职责上将趋于"瘦身减负",地方工会则"以上代下",通过整合各种资源来履行基层工会难以履行的维护和服务职责。

Toward Functional Division Between Local and Workplace Trade Unions: Some Trends and Characters of Reforms of Chinese Trade Unions after 1978

In order to adapt to the changes of political and economic environments after 1978, there have been four systematic reforms taken by Chinese trade unions. In the process of these reforms, Chinese trade unions identify the role of representative and protector of workers, and the functions of protection and service for workers. Chinese trade unions have absorbed some experience from western trade unions, while they also emphasize the lead and the domination of the Communist Party of China. In addition, there are some trends of the functional division between local and workplace trade unions. The functions of workplace trade unions will be reduced, and local trade unions will take charge of those functions that are reduced.