俄罗斯工会改革的历史与现实：基于社会统合主义的分析

俄罗斯工会在苏联解体之后经历了由计划经济到市场经济的转变，最终形成了社会统合主义的 模式。本研究在梳理俄罗斯工会改革历史的基础上，根据统合主义理论分析了俄罗斯工会在与政府的关系、对 工人利益的代表性和自身行动能力 3 个方面的现实情况。研究认为，俄罗斯工会在改革初期复杂、动荡的政治 经济背景下所追求的自由主义模式受历史因素影响并不成功。改革的转机出现在统一俄罗斯党成立之后，俄罗 斯工会与政府关系迅速改善，并在执政党的同情和支持下提升了自身对工人利益的代表性和行动能力，特别是 运用法律武器的能力。但俄罗斯工会也面临着新就业形式和移民劳工增长的挑战，还需要进一步的改革以适应 劳动力市场的复杂变化。

The History and Reality of Trade Union Reform in Russia: An Analysis Based on Social Corporatism

The Russian trade union achieved the transformations from the planned economy into the market economy after the Soviet Union''s collapse. The Russian trade union reform fi nally formed the model of social corporatism. On the basis of sorting out the history of the Russian trade union reform, the paper analyzes the reality of the Russian trade union in three aspects: the relationship between the government and trade union, the representativeness of workers'' interests and their own ability of action according to the theory of corporatism. The article also argues that infl uenced by historical factors, the liberal model pursued by Russian trade union in the complicated and turbulent political and economic background in the early stage of reform was not successful. The relationship between Russian trade union and the government improved rapidly after the establishment of United Russia Party, and with the sympathy and support of the ruling party, it also improved its representativeness and action ability for workers'' interests, especially the ability to use legal weapons. But Russian trade union is also facing challenges from new forms of employment and the growth of migrant workers, and further reforms are needed to adapt to complex changes in the labor market.