恩抚与制约:汉初的南部边疆政策

西汉初年,民乏国困,百废待兴;内有异姓王和同姓诸侯王的割据骚乱,外有匈奴的时常侵扰。为此,虽有一统岭南之抱负的汉室帝君,也终因国力所限,心有余而力不足。无奈之下,只得暂时对“划岭而治”的南越割据政权采取以恩抚为主,辅以防范制约的温和手段,以换得南部边境的稳定。于是,恩抚与制约便构成为西汉初60余年间中央王朝在南部边疆沿袭不替的一项基本政策。这也是汉代边疆政策的一个重要组成部分,它不仅使汉初中央王朝第一次成功地改变了边政处理的被动局面,和平地实现了其对南部边疆的主动权,为维护和巩固当时汉帝国南部边疆的稳定提供了保障,而且也对后来汉王朝实现岭南的统一发挥了重要的作用。

Pacification and Restraint: the Frontier Policy in the Early Age of the Han Dynasty

In the early Western Han dynasty,the people were exhausted and the nation was in an awkward predicament.Each aspects of the nation needed to be restructured and constructed.In domestic,there were the same surname princes and the different surname dukes who set up a separatist regime by force of arms and caused a disturbance.The Huns harassed the country's frontiers abroad.Although the emperor of the Han dynasty wanted to unify Lingnan,he had to give up this idea because of the limited national strength.Instead of it,he took the pacification policy to Nanyue.At the same time,he adopted the way of restraint to assist it.During the beginning 60 years of Han dynasty,the pacification policy and restraint measure were the Han dynasty basic policy to southern frontier.It was an important part of Han dynasty's frontier policy which not only changed the Han dynasty's passive situation into the active position peacefully when it dealt with the political affair of frontier and provided a guarantee for the stable and consolidation of Han dynasty's south frontier,but also played an important role in the process of the Han dynasty unifying Lingnan.