论我国基础教育的性别公平

自从1986年实施《义务教育法》以来,我国的基础教育得到了巨大发展,男女两性不仅享有法律上平等的受教育权利,而且实际的受教育机会也日益平等。但是,在不同地区以及城乡之间,基础教育领域的性别差异依然不同程度地存在,基础教育中的性别平等还没有完全实现,而且,随着社会经济转型,新的问题也在基础教育领域不断出现。本文采用全国第五次人口普查以及第二次中国妇女社会地位抽样调查的数据,从基础教育的入学机会、教育过程和内容以及教育结果三个层次上来讨论目前我国基础教育领域存在的性别差异,力图从教育公正以及性别平等的角度来说明基础教育中存在的性别不平等。尤其是在贫困农村地区和流动人口中,相当数量的女童的受教育权利还没有得到切实保障。本文建议,要从政府、家庭以及教育系统本身着手消除基础教育体制、观念以及内容上的性别差异。

On Gender Impartiality in China's Elementary Education

Since the enforcement of the Elementary Education Law in 1986, elementary education has advanced by leaps and bounds; men and women alike have enjoyed the right to receive education not only legally but also in practice. Nevertheless, in the sector of elementary education, gender differences between regions and between urban and rural areas continue to exist to varying degrees, gender equality in elementary education has not yet been fully realized, and, moreover, new problems have kept cropping up with the economic transition. Based on data from the fifth national population census and the second sample survey of Chinese women 's social status, this paper discusses the gender differences in present-day China's elementary education from the three aspects of admission opportunity, education procedure and content, and education results, in an attempt to elucidate the sexual inequality existing in elementary education from the angles of fairness and sexual equality in education. The essay points out that a considerable number of teenage girls have not been really assured of the right to receive education, especially in some poor rural areas and among the floating population. In view of the above situation, it proposes that gender differences in terms of the system, conception and content in elementary education be eradicated by proceeding first from the government, family and educational system themselves.