乡村振兴视野下农村留守妇女的新特点与突出问题

党的十九大报告将"乡村振兴"提到了战略高度,在重视城乡融合的基础上推行农业农村优先发展。除吸引优秀人才返乡创业、返乡就业外,中国的乡村振兴战略还必须调动农村现有劳动力的积极性和创造性。但中国长期以来的工业化和城市化进程已经使流动人口与留守人口现象发生了很大的变化。流动人口的急剧增长和留守人口相对减少相辅相成。农村留守妇女在总体数量上已经大大减少,留守地也从农村转向乡镇乃至县城。概言之,现阶段的农村留守妇女是经过长期市场和政策筛选后的"剩余"群体,她们面临着更为沉重的照料负担、更为严峻的婚姻危机和更难启齿的疾病困扰。农村留守妇女的这些新特点和突出问题需要得到政府更有的放矢的关注和干预,使她们能够更好地参与到乡村振兴中来。

New Characteristics and Outstanding Issues for Left-Behind Women in Rural China:From the Perspective of Rural Vitalization

The reports of the 19th National Congress of the CPC identified"Rural Vitalization"as the central strategy for prioritizing the development of agriculture and rural areas in urban-rural integration. Apart from encouraging migrant workers to return to work in their hometowns,rural vitalization has to mobilize the left-behind population in the countryside. However,the big picture of migrant and leftbehind population in China has been changing prominently within the four decades of industrialization and urbanization since the reform and opening-up policy. The dramatic growth of migrant populations goes hand in hand with the corresponding decline of left-behind population in rural areas. Particularly,the total number of left-behind women in villages has been decreased rapidly,and their locations have been moved upwards to towns and townships or even counties. However,the reduction in their numbers and the change of locations do not necessarily mean that the problems faced by left-behind women have been solved. In contrast,the current group of left-behind women proves to be the most disadvantaged who are screened by the market and government policies,unwanted,unneeded or left over. They are faced with heavier burden of caring for others,more severe crises in marriage,and new and unexpected diseases. The urbanization process guided by the state policy has siphoned off the rural labor to its extremes,and left-behind women( or even left-over women) have to be endowed with more public and social support in such a context,so that they could be expected to contribute to rural vitalization.