论证据的基本特征

证据的基本特征有客观性、关联性、合法性的“三性说”，也有客观性、关联性的“两性说”，还有仅持关联性的“一性说”。合法性是法律制度层面的规范，不属证据本身固有的特征。客观性和关联性都是客观事物固有的属性，具有事实特征的普遍性，它们都不应该简单地归结为证据的基本特征。证据的真实性要求，体现了主体对证据的认识性。未知事实不是证据，事实要与人的认识相关联才成为证据。关联性分为客观关联性和主观关联性。客观性包含于证据的客观关联性中，合法性包含于法律证据的主观关联性里。证据的关联性应该是一种被人已知的关联性。“已知事实的关联性”，才是证据的基本特征。

Basic Characteristics of Evidence

There are many points of view on the basic characteristics of evidence,such as the Three-characteristic View,including objectivity,relevancy and validity,the Two-characteristic View,only containing objectivity and relevancy,and the One-characteristic View on relevancy.The validity is a rule on the level of legal system,so it does not belong to the connatural characteristic of evidence itself.The objectivity and relevancy are also the connatural characteristics of things and have the universality of fact cha...