刑事被害人国家补偿制度初探

国家补偿制度是国家对被害人合法权益的一种司法保护措施,它不仅体现了国家抚慰被害人的人性化治国理念,也表明了国家自愿承担国家义务的负责态度。国家补偿制度确立的理论主要有三种学说:国家责任说、社会福利说和社会保险说。各国的国家补偿制度因受不同理论思想的影响存在较大差异。从各国的具体制度设置来看,构建国家补偿制度的基本原则主要有:及时补偿原则、优先保护原则和就低不就高原则。确立国家补偿制度应当具备以下几个方面的要件:第一,适用补偿的对象。第二, 申请补偿的条件。第三,补偿审议的机关。第四,补偿范围、金额及方式、补偿程序等。笔者认为,从现在经济层面、认识层面、制度层面等诸方面看,在我国确立被害人国家补偿制度的时机已基本成熟。

An Preliminary Study of National Restitution System for Criminal

National compensatory system as a judicial safeguard measure for victim's legal rights, reflects the human governing ideas of national consoling victims, makes known national position of bearing national obligatory. National compensatory system is on the basis of three theories: the national responsibility theory, the social welfare theory and social insurance theory. So there are many differences in national compensatory system in the world countries. From the world viewpoint, The general principles servicing for the national compensatory system are as followings: compensatory principle without delay, priority of protective principle, and pefer lower principle to high level.