农村土地“以租代征”问题的法律研究

农村土地"以租代征"之所以屡禁不止,根源在于建设用地的国家管理制度。根据该制度,除兴办乡镇企业、乡镇公共事业等可以使用集体土地外,所有建设用地均需使用国有土地,然而,国有土地不仅指标有限,而且还要经过繁琐的转用审批手续和支付高昂的土地出让金,很多农村企业无力承担用地成本。因此,一律要求所有建设用地均使用国有土地,势必对农村的个体企业、私营企业造成事实歧视。为合理解决"以租代征"问题,应当考虑修改《土地管理法》,允许集体土地自由进入建设用地市场,同时鼓励中小企业与土地权利人通过市场交易方式实现建设用地自由流转,只有在市场交易失败时,国家才能强制征地。

A Legal Study of "Lease Instead of Expropriation" Problem in Countryside

It failed to prohibit "lease instead of expropriation" problem in countryside due to the national governance system of land for construction use.According to the system,state-owned land resources should be used for land construction except for township enterprises,township public utility,etc.,which can make use of collective land.However,there are many township enterprises can not afford the cost of land because of the limited state-owned land resources and the complicated approval procedures and high pay for land-transferring fees.Therefore,if all enterprises,including private and private-owned ones,are asked to use state-owned land for their production so that they would be treated unequally.In order to solve "lease instead of expropriation" problem,it is necessary to consider to implement Land Management Law to allow collective land be part of constructive land market freely,meanwhile,encourage small and medium sized enterprises trade with the land owner through market transaction.State can only take coercive measures to expropriate land if the market transaction fails.