我国低无罪率的现状分析及根源探究

无罪率分狭义与广义。无论与英美法系国家还是与大陆法系其他国家相比，我国无罪率长期以来呈现较低水平（不足0．2％），2009年降至历史最低水平（仅0．12％）。可以预计在未来几年内，我国低无罪率的状况不会有实质改变。探索低无罪率背后的根源有以下几点：从举证责任角度考虑，我国现行起诉标准与有罪判决标准高度一致是导致有罪判决普遍的主要原因。更多导致我国无罪率低的原因来自法律之外。检察机关的主动撤诉是我国无罪判决少的最重要原因。我国现行撤诉比例在15％左右，在司法实践中，检察机关凭借经验将可预见的无罪判决案件通过撤诉等方式使之提前退出审判程序。此外，法律对检查机关职权的规定与检查机关对检察官管理考核的工作制度不完全一致，导致检察官更加关心有罪的裁判结果；无罪推定原则缺失，刑事诉讼配套机制缺失也是我国无罪率低的重要原因。

Reaearch on Low ＂not guilty＂ Rate of Our Country

＂Not guihy＂rate has a wide and a narrow meaning. Compared to either Anglo-American law system or the continental law system, the ＂not guilty＇rate of our country has been in a low rate （less than 0.2%） for a long time, and dropped to the lowest level in history （only 0.12%） in 2009. We can see that, in the next few years, China＇s ＂not guilty＇rate will not change in essence. To explore the origin of it, the reason mainly lies in the following aspects： first, from the angle of onus of proof, the main reason is that China＇s current judgement standard of guilty is consistent with the standard of commencement, while more reasons come from the outside of the law; secondly, the procuratorial organs voluntarily withdrawing an action is the most important reason for it, which means that, in the judicial practice, the procuratorial organs can withdraw the case according to their expe- rience to make the trial procedure come to an end early; thirdly, the public procurators management assessment system makes the prosecutors pay more concerned about the results; and finally, lack of the principle of sentence of ＂not guilty＇and lack of the criminal litigation mechanism in our country is another main reason for low ＂not guilty＂ rate.