德国地方政府公共服务体制改革与机制创新探微

在新公共管理改革浪潮中,德国属于温和型国家,其地方改革的原则策略选择与中国的渐进改革模式具有某些相似特征,即以法治为核心、以政府能力提升为目标、多价值平衡及公民间接参与为主直接参与为辅。在改革内容上,表现为公共服务的体制改革和机制创新。体制改革包括机构精简(含组织流程再造)和地方政府区划改革,机制创新包括公共服务提供系统的重新设计和公共物品生产方式的重大变化。体制改革的直接价值取向是提升公共服务的供给绩效和强化公共部门的服务能力;而机制创新的直接价值取向则是创设一种新的治理文化,最大限度地动员市场和第三部门参与地方性公共服务的生产,让地方政府"瘦身",实现公共服务生产与供给的可持续性。

Study on Contemporary German Local Government Public Service Reform

In the new public management reform movement,Germany is a moderate nation.Based on its national center of cultural heritage,East Germany's transition is leading to a special social background of the principles of reform options.It has something to do with Chinese strategy of gradual reform model.In Germany,the local government public service reform has four basic principles:the main core performance for the rule of law,to enhance the government's ability,to balance more value,and more indirect participation less direct participation.The content of reform is made up of the public service system reform and innovative mechanisms.The experience of German local government public service reform needs to be absorbed from both the positive and negative aspects of dialectical thinking.