中国公共政策过程的研究:西方学者的视角及其启示

1950年后,西方开始兴起中国政策过程研究的热潮。从五六十年代到九十年代,以美国学者为主的西方学者的研究视角从精英、派系逐渐转向官僚组织,其政策过程的模式包括理性决策模型、权力斗争模型、讨价还价模型、各自为政模型、竞争性说服模型等。本文总结了中国政策过程的特点和影响因素,即政策议程设定与政治高度相关、政策目标追求“模糊共识”、政策决策过程“讨价还价”、政策执行呈现出显著的差异性和多样性、政策变动周期不稳定等。

Studies on China's public policy process by western scholars: perspectives and implications

This paper presents a review of Western scholars' studies on China's public policy process.Interests in China's policy process began in 1950s.Studies on China's public policy led by American scholars initially conceptualized around policy elites and factions but later shifted towards bureaucratic organizations.Different policy process models were proposed,such as rationalist behavior,power struggles,bargaining game and etc.Characteristics of China's public policy process were identified.While many of these studies were somewhat biased,they offer some interesting perspectives that China's policy researchers will find useful in their efforts to gain a better understanding of China's public policy process.