论政府数据开放立法的路径及其选择--以《贵阳市政府数据共享开放条例》为例

政府数据开放立法根植于开放政府运动,是政府数据开放顺利进行之基石。大数据时代,行政机关成为海量政府数据的产生者、保有者,如何让政府数据资源发挥其巨大价值,服务于公共利益,摆脱"束之高阁"的命运,政府数据开放立法的路径尝试不可或缺。不管是从权利基础,还是政策嬗变、适法依据,政府数据开放立法具有其内在的正当性。但基于法律的滞后性和稳定性,我国的政府数据开放出现了实践先行、立法滞后的局面。通过对《贵阳市政府数据共享开放条例》的深入挖掘和分析,可管窥政府数据开放立法路径的未来走向,因此应通过对贵阳立法实践的反思和批判,肯定贵阳的创新与可取之处,同时指明政府数据开放的功能定位,比较分析三种立法模式的利弊,厘清政府数据开放的关键语义,为政府数据开放从条例上升到法律提供参考。

The Path and Choice of Legislation for Open Government Data--Taking The Open and Shared Regulation of Guiyang Government Data as an Example

The legislation of open government data is rooted in the open government movement and is the cornerstone of the smooth opening of government data. In the era of big data,administrative agencies have become the producers and retainers of massive government data. It is indispensable attempt to try to open the legislative path of government data,which will make government data resources play their great value,serve the public interest,and get rid of the fate of "staying in the shackles".Whether it is from the power base,policy change,or legal basis,the legislation of open government data has its inherent legitimacy. However,based on the lag and stability of the law,open government data in China has been a situation in which practice is first and legislation is lagging behind. Through the in-depth excavation and analysis of the Open and Shared Regulation of Guiyang Government Data,we can look into the future direction of the open legislative path of government data. Therefore,we should affirm the innovation and merits of Guiyang through the reflection and criticism of Guiyang’s legislative practice. At the same time,it points out the functional orientation of open government data,compares the advantages and disadvantages of the three legislative models,clarifies the key semantics of open government data,and provides references for the open government data from the regulations to the law.