应急管理能力:多层次结构与发展路径

应急管理能力是应急管理主体为履行应急管理职能、实现应急管理使命而应具备的知识、资源和技能的总和,包括在国家、应急管理部门和应急管理职业人三个层次上的45种能力。在国家层面上,应急管理能力可视为在重大危机状态下的国家治理能力,包括13项关键指征。在应急管理部门层面上,需要发展的核心能力有20种,分布在日常的风险治理、应急准备和突发事件发生后的应急响应多个阶段。应急管理人应当掌握三类知识体系、三类科学素养和六类领导能力。在推进应急管理体系和能力现代化的过程中,我国需要在多个层次上提升应急管理能力。

A Multi-level Framework of Developing Emergency Management Capacities

This paper analyzes the emergency management capacities from three layers:the capacities as a whole government,the capacities as an independent emergency management department,and the capacities as emergency professionals.45 types of capacities are identified,13 of them are located at the whole government level,which can be seen as part of the national governance capacities.20 types of capacities are needed for the department of emergency management,and these capacities are distributed in the processes of risk governance,preparedness and response.Qualified emergency managers should have at least 12 types of capacities,three of them are knowledge-related,three of them are scientific literacies needed and six of them are related to the leadership and personality.Finally,policy suggestions for increasing the emergency management capacities in China are discussed.